3.2 Объектив
Если для съемки панорам мы решили использовать камеру со сменной оптикой, то встает вопрос о том какого производителя объектив лучше и какое фокусное расстояние оптимально использовать. Если же в арсенале камера с жестко встроенным объективом с переменным фокусным расстоянием, то вопрос только в том, какое фокусное расстояние лучше использовать.
Начнем с фокусного расстояния. Чем оно меньше, тем больше угол обзора объектива. При большем угле обзора нам потребуется сделать меньшее количество кадров, и мы выиграем во времени съемки и сборки панорамы.
При съемке 3d панорам на камеру с полной матрицей и объективом с фокусным расстоянием 28мм, вам придётся сделать порядка 30-40 кадров. Сверхширокоугольным объективом с фокусным расстоянием 17мм, количество необходимых кадров будет уже существенно меньше, примерно 20.
Но самым удобным для съемки сферических панорам объективом является объектив типа fisheye. Если угол обзора объектива с “исправленной” геометрией на фокусном расстоянии 16 мм составляет примерно 110 градусов, а к примеру объектив Sigma AF 12-24mm f/4.5-5.6 на фокусе 12 мм имеет угол обзора только 120 градусов,то у объектива fisheye с таким же фокусным расстоянием угол обзора составляет 180 градусов, что позволяет минимизировать количество исходных кадров для нашей панорамы.
3.2.1 Объектив Sigma AF 12-24mm f/4.5-5.6
На рынке представлено большое количество объективов fisheye не оснащенных механизмом автофокуса по достаточно приемлемой цене. А автофокус при съемке сферических панорам не потребуется.
Нельзя не упомянуть о небольшом преимуществе использовании объектива с фиксированным фокусным расстоянием при съемке панорам. Дело не в более высоком качестве изображения объективов с фиксированным фокусным расстоянием, а о кольце зумма на самом объективе, которое случайно можно повернуть при съемке панорамы. Да, такие случаи редки, особенно если вы человек внимательный и аккуратный, но вероятность ошибки при съемке существует. Если вы решили заняться съемкой сферических панорам и у вас есть возможность использовать объектив типа fisheye, то я вам рекомендую его для съемки.
Существует два основных вида fisheye - объективов:
Циркулярный fisheye - на полученном кадре изображение занимает не всю его площадь, а лишь вписанный круг с углом обзора ~180° в любом направлении. Фокусное расстояние циркулярных fisheye объективов - 5.6-8мм
3.2.2 циркулярный fisheye объектив Пеленг МС 3,5/8А
Полнокадровый или диагональный (Full frame) fisheye - полученный кадр целиком занят изображением, однако 180° угол зрения соответствует лишь диагоналям кадра. Фокусное расстояние полнокадровых объективов fisheye - 15-16мм.
3.2.3 объектив Sigma fisheye 15/2.8. Полнокадровый fisheye фирмы Sigma. Выпускается для фотокамер разных производителей.
Какой из них лучше ? Я использую полнокадровый fisheye, так как считаю этот тип объектива более универсальным. Он пригоден к съемке не только сферических панорам в отличии от циркулярного fisheye. В свое время я пробовал использовать циркулярный fisheye для съемки панорам, подкупала возможность сделать панораму, отсняв всего 4 кадра. Но результат меня разочаровал. Разрешение панорамы получалось не очень большое, качество оптики объектива Peleng (Пеленг) МС 3,5/8А Circular Fisheye, который я использовал, очень низкое. Наблюдалось сильное падение резкости у краев кадра, высокий уровень хроматических аберраций, сильнейшие паразитные засветки. Все это не позволило добиться того качества изображения, к которому я привык, и я отказался от использования этого объектива.
3.2.4 Пример изображения полученного с помощью объектива “Пеленг МС 8/3,5 и фотокамеры Canon EOS 5D mark2 с полнокадровой матрицей
Теоретически панораму можно снять любым объективом, но нужно помнить о немаловажном факторе, о котором часто умалчивают. Если вы снимаете панораму объективом с небольшим углом зрения, к примеру 24 мм, то вам потребуется снять в среднем 26 кадров - три ряда по 8 кадров, надир и зенит. Да Вы их снимете, но за счет небольшого угла обзора при некоторых сюжетах, ваши соседние кадры могут не иметь контрольных точек. Так снимая таким объективом панораму на открытом пространстве, может оказаться так, что ваш кадр зенита не будет иметь ни одной контрольной точки с верхним рядом изображений, и вы не сможете их проставить даже в ручную.
Ниже я привожу таблицу fisheye объективов
Циркулярные fisheye объективы
|
Объектив |
Цена* |
Примечание |
|---|---|---|
|
350$ |
Ручная фокусировка и диафрагма |
|
|
900$ |
Для камер с сенсорами формата APS-С. |
|
|
900$ |
Для 35мм камер |
|
|
Canon EF 8-15mm f/4.0L Fisheye USM |
1000$ |
Для 35мм камер |
Полнокадровые (Full frame) fisheye объективы
|
Объектив |
Цена* |
Примечание |
|---|---|---|
|
800$ |
Для 35мм камер Canon.. |
|
|
1100$ |
Для 35мм камер Nikon. |
|
|
800$ |
Для камер Nikon DX |
|
|
700$ |
Для 35мм камер |
|
|
700$ |
Для камер с сенсорами формата APS-С. |
|
|
300$ |
Для камер с сенсорами формата APS-С. ручная фокусировка и диафрагма продается также под марками Bower, Polar, Falcon, Rokinon. |
|
|
950$ |
Для цифровых камер Sony Alpha |
|
|
550$ |
Только для APS-С камер Canon и Nikon. |
|
|
150$ |
Для 35мм камер. Ручная фокусировка и и диафрагма |
|
|
900$ |
Для DSLR Olympus формата крепление 4/3 |
|
|
650$ |
Для цифровых SLR Pentax |
|
|
Samyang 12mm f/2.8 ED AS NCS Fisheye |
380$ |
Для 35мм камер |
Указаны средние цены на основании данных российских и зарубежных интернет магазинов на 2016 год.
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